Cloning

**//Since you have clicked onto this page that must mean that you are interested in CLONING or that you are our teacher. Hi Mrs. Little!!! //** toc

**How Cloning Started:**
The first experiments and theories with cloning started in the late 1880's. Scientists sought out to prove their experiments about how genetic material in cells work. The earliest experiments involved splitting frog and salamander embryo to see how they developed. As chromosomes started to become better understood, more experiments were done with cloning and this resulted in the first cloned animal. The Northern Leopard Frog was the first cloned animal in 1952, by Thom J. King and Robert Briggsand; they cloned 35 frog embryos, but only saw 27 of them hatch into tadpoles. This successful cloning experiment taught scientist more about what cells needed to use in the cloning process. media type="custom" key="4853237" "Dolly the Sheep." //TeacherTube//. Web. 19 Nov 2009.

**The Cloning Process**
For this process you will need a steady hand and a keen eye......... Isolate the nucleus from a non-reproductive cell of a adult donor. The nucleus holds the genetic material of the organism. This step is repeated many different times to gather many cell nuclei. A very small needle and syringe (suction device) is used to poke through the cell membrane to capture the nucleus and remove it from the cell. **Get unfertilized eggs** Retrieve unfertilized egg cells (reproductive) from a female. Many eggs are needed since not all of them will survive the next few steps of cloning. **Remove the eggs nucleus** Remove the eggs nucleus, which contains only one-half of the genetic material. A very small needle and syringe (suction device) is used to poke through the cell membrane to capture the nucleus and remove it from the cell. **Insert donor nucleus** Insert the nucleus, with its complete genetic material, isolated from the donor mammal in Step 1 into the egg cell that has no nuclear material. The egg's genetic material now contains all traits from the donor adult. This egg is genetically identical to the donor adult. ** Place the egg into womb ** Place the egg into a female womb. Only a small percentage of eggs placed in the womb will start to mature. Those eggs that survive will continue to develop into embryos. The egg matures in the womb. When the offspring is born, it is a clone (genetically identical) of the donor.
 * and how it is carried out:**
 * Isolate the Nucleus **

Cloning Helpful?
You may not know that cloning can be extremely helpful to everyone, but it is. Scientists are cloning the human embryos to get more stem cells and treat human disease. Right now we haven't made much progress in cloning. Scientists are constantly working at different things to clone and how that can be helpful to organisms. The meat from cloned animals is even accepted, by the FDA, which would surely help with our economy troubles!

The negative side of cloning is that the resulting products of cloning haven't lived very long; they usually have high rates of early mortality and occasionally signs of deformity at birth. There are also many religious controversies against cloning. The Catholic Church, Judaism, and liberal religions are against cloning, while Orthadox/Jewish religions have no apparent reason to be against cloning. ​ media type="custom" key="4842907" Take our poll!!!!!

This is the product of cloning.... look at all the clones. =)

"The Matrix- Smith Clones." //Redhector Blog Spot//. Web. 17 Nov 2009.

Cloning is dangerous and can cause mutations like this...

"The Lord Of the Rings-Hobbits" //sodahead.com// Web Nov. 17,2009

Works Cited:
**"Clone Process." //Iowa Public Television//. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2009. <http://www.iptv.org/exploremore** []